Paper accepted in Cerebral Cortex

Griffiths, B. J., Duecker, K., Fakche, C., Dugué, L., Quinn, A., & Jensen, O. (accepted). Rhythmic light stimulation elicits multiple, concurrent neural responses that separably shape human perception. Cereb. Cortex

We show that rhythmic light stimulation elicits multiple concurrent neural responses at both the stimulation frequency and its harmonics, with distinct spectral, spatial, and temporal properties. Harmonic gamma responses support stimulus-specific visual coding, while harmonic alpha responses contribute to phase-dependent visual perception and vary with individual oscillatory frequencies. Together, these findings show that rhythmic stimulation produces multiple functionally distinct neural responses that may explain variability across neuromodulation studies and should be considered when designing more precise interventions.